Military counterintelligence is a function carried out within the powers of the national security bodies aimed at disclosing, preventing and suppressing intelligence activities against the RA Armed Forces and other military structures by special services and other organizations, as well as individuals of foreign states. Military counterintelligence is one of the main directions of activities of the national security bodies. According to the RA Law "On National Security Bodies", "Military counterintelligence activities are carried out by military counterintelligence bodies (services, divisions, departments) of the authorized body in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Armenia, the Police Troops of the Republic of Armenia and other troops and military formations, as well as in their management bodies for the purpose of disclosing, preventing and suppressing crimes, protecting against the penetration of special services of foreign states, as well as for the purpose of assisting the command in maintaining combat capability and combat readiness."

In their activities, the MCI bodies of the RA NSS are guided by the Constitution of RA, the Laws of RA “On National Security Bodies”, “On Operative-Search Activities”, “On State Secrets” and other laws, as well as legal acts of the RA NSS and the Charter of military counterintelligence.

In the complex geopolitical and regional situation that has developed around the Republic of Armenia, military counterintelligence bodies successfully perform their functions, identifying agents and spies of foreign intelligence services in their designated areas, preventing and suppressing numerous cases of subversive intelligence activities of foreign intelligence services, organizations and individuals against the Republic of Armenia and its Armed Forces.

The military counterintelligence subdivisions also exercise control over the state secret protection process in the RA Armed Forces identifying and preventing ways of possible leakage of secrets.

The military counterintelligence, as a separate body of the NSS, carries out its activities since 1995, and since that period it has been involved in the process of uncovering phenomena that impede the combat capability and combat readiness of the RA Armed Forces system and supporting the command, during that time disclosing numerous cases that threaten the national security of RA.